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About Lithium

 

Production from Continental Brines

LithiumEssentially brines are dissolved salts. Economic grades of lithium lie within these sub-surface brines. Initially, grades for lithium contained within a brine type deposits range from 200 parts per million ("ppm") to as high as 2,200 ppm. The brine solution from producing wells is pumped into a series of solar evaporation ponds. Concentration ensues from the natural evaporation of the brine solution. The solution is trucked and then treated in the final stages of refining and production of lithium carbonate.

Estimated Production Cost per Tonne Li2CO3 from Brine
Process Step Chemical/Driver Cost Cost ($/tonne Li2CO3)
Remove Magnesium Slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) 180 (per unit Mg:Li)
pH Adjustment Hydrochloric acid (HCl) 20
Remove B/Sulphates Calcium chloride (CaCl2) 240
Convert to Carbonate Soda ash (Na2CO3) 760
Plant Amortization n/a 1,067
Total $ 2,267 (at Mg:Li of 1:1)
Variable Cost per tonne $ 1,200 (at Mg:Li of 1:1)
Source: Byron Capital Markets Jon Hykawy, Ph.D., MBA